The ten acres that comprise Capitol Square in Columbus were a military crossroads from 1861 to 1865 during the American Civil War. The city of Columbus had five army camps, and Ohio troops were mustered, paid, and even garrisoned at the Statehouse. Three out of five male Ohioans between the ages of 18 and 45 served in the Civil War, and Ohio's contribution to the war effort was enormous. Over 320,000 Union soldiers were from Ohio, and more than 35,000 died during the war. One hundred forty eight Ohio soldiers received the Congressional Medal of Honor for Valor. But perhaps Ohio's greatest contribution to the war was to the Union leadership that won it. General Ulysses S. Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman, Philip H. Sheridan, and James B. McPherson, as well as Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon Chase, were all Ohioans.